The Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS) measures and transmits vehicle speed data to the Engine Control Unit (ECU) or Powertrain Control Module (PCM). It works by generating electrical pulses through a magnet and coil assembly. As the vehicle’s speed increases, the magnetic field spins faster, producing a higher frequency signal that the ECU interprets as vehicle speed.
These sensors are typically located in the transmission, differential, or wheel hub areas, allowing precise speed readings essential for functions such as shift timing, cruise control, ABS operation, and traction control.
How It Works:
- The magnet inside the sensor spins as the transmission or wheel turns.
- Each rotation produces an electrical pulse in the sensor coil.
- The ECU converts these pulses into speed readings.
- The system adjusts fuel injection timing, transmission shifts, and cruise control operation accordingly.
- Accurate speed data ensures proper vehicle performance, drivability, and emissions control.
Product Features & Benefits from Walker Products:
- Exact OE Fit: Designed as a direct-fit replacement for quick, hassle-free installation.
- OE Replacement Quality: Meets or exceeds OE specifications for performance and signal accuracy.
- Durable Construction: Engineered to withstand heat, vibration, and debris exposure.
- Restores Functionality: Returns accurate speed data to the ECU for smooth transmission operation and optimal drivability.
- Proven Reliability: Backed by over 75 years of Walker Products’ experience in engine management technology.
Symptoms of a Failing Vehicle Speed Sensor:
- Erratic or non-functioning speedometer.
- Harsh or incorrect shifting in automatic transmissions.
- Loss of cruise control functionality.
- Engine surging or hesitation during acceleration.
- Illuminated Check Engine Light (CEL).
Common Check Engine Light (CEL) / OBD-II Codes
Since 1996, all passenger vehicles have used OBD-II systems to monitor emissions and key engine functions. The codes below are commonly associated with Vehicle Speed Sensors (VSS) and are provided as a reference guide only.
Walker Products will not be held responsible for any use of this information. Always consult a qualified technician and follow manufacturer and EPA guidelines for diagnostics, replacement, and ECU/PCM relearn procedures.
- P0500 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “A”
- P0501 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “A” Range/Performance
- P0502 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “A” Circuit Low
- P0503 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “A” Intermittent/Erratic/High
- P0574 – Cruise Control System – Vehicle Speed Too High
- P062C – Internal Control Module Vehicle Speed Performance
- P2158 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “B”
- P2159 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “B” Range/Performance
- P215A – Vehicle Speed – Wheel Speed Correlation
- P215B – Vehicle Speed – Output Shaft Speed Correlation
- P2160 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “B” Circuit Low
- P2161 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “B” Intermittent/Erratic/High
- P2162 – Vehicle Speed Sensor “A”/“B” Correlation
- P215C – Output Shaft Speed – Wheel Speed Correlation
- C0031 – Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor (Subfault)
- C0032 – Left Front Wheel Speed Sensor Supply (Subfault)
- C0034 – Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor (Subfault)
- C0035 – Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Supply (Subfault)
- C0037 – Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor (Subfault)
- C0038 – Left Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Supply (Subfault)
- C003A – Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor (Subfault)
- C003B – Right Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Supply (Subfault)
- C003D – Rear Wheel Speed Sensor (Subfault)
- C003E – Rear Wheel Speed Sensor Supply (Subfault)
- C0040 – Right Front Wheel Speed Sensor Circuit
- P0791 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “A” Circuit
- P0792 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “A” Circuit Range/Performance
- P0793 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “A” Circuit No Signal
- P0794 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “A” Circuit Intermittent
- P215B – Vehicle Speed – Output Shaft Speed Correlation
- P2745 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “B” Circuit
- P2746 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “B” Circuit Range/Performance
- P2747 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “B” Circuit No Signal
- P2748 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “B” Circuit Intermittent
- P2749 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “C” Circuit
- P2750 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “C” Circuit Range/Performance
- P2751 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “C” Circuit No Signal
- P2752 – Intermediate Shaft Speed Sensor “C” Circuit Intermittent